(2)"经济法制化"manage economic affairs according to law或put economic operation on a legal hasis or within a legal framework
"科研成果产业化"apply scientific research results to industrial production
"国民经济信息化"build an information-based national economy
"社会知识化"build a knowledge-driven society
"国际关系民主化"Democracy should be practised in intemational relations
汉语中经常出现"化"字,有的可直译,譬如:"经济全球化",现译成:economic globalization。但不能一律简单译成"ize",譬如把上句译成:International relations should be democratized。意思就走样了。
上述便句均为解释性的译文,免不了中式英文的味道。
二、搭配不当。
由于受到汉语字面的影响,翻译中往往不是犯语法错误而是更深层次的搭配不当的问题。例如:
(3)"我们将……在新的世纪里不断谱写建设有中国特色的社会主义的新篇章。"
We will go on achieving fresh successes in building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new century。
"谱写新篇章"在有的上下文可以译成write a new chapter,例如:"在中泰友好交往的历史中,谱写了新的篇章。"可译为:we have written a new chapter in the annals of Sino-Thai friendship。而在例句(3)中就不能这样译,因为write a chapter与building socialism是不能搭配在一起的。
(4)若干一般常见的搭配不当的例句:
"来信写道"译为the letter writes属搭配不当,也是拟人化,应为:the letter reads
a. We will continue to unswervingly focus on economic development.
We will continue to unswervingly press ahead with reform and opening-up.
We will continue to unswervingly carry out the independent foreign policy of peace.
b. We will steadfastly focus on economic development, resolutely press ahead with reform and opening-up, persistently maintain social stability and unswervingly pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.
c. We will unswervingly focus on economic development, press ahead withreform and opening-up, maintain social stability and pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.
初译:The Chinese Organizing Committee of the postal Union Congress has gone all out to make preparations in order to make the Congress a success. The Central Government and the Beijing Municipal Government of China have rendered unfailing support to the preparatory work of the Congress. The Governments and competent postal departments of many countries have furnished kind assistance to China‘s preparatory work for the Congress. Here I‘d like to express my most sincere thanks to all countries, departments and friends that have given us support to the preparatory work for the Congress.
改译:The COC has gone all out and done a lot of preparatory work for the Postal Union Congress to make it a success. Both the Central Government and the Beijing Municipal Government of China have rendered unfailing support to its preparations. The Governments and competent postal departments of many countries have provided China with kind help in the work. Here I wish to express most sincere thanks to all the countries, departments and friends that have given us support in this regard.
改译后,"大会"和"筹备"都只出现过一次,句子简练一些。 初译:if agriculture is in good shape and the peasants self-supporting, then the 500million people will feel secure。
改译:If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are self-supporting,…
前半句主语和动词都是单数,后半句主语是多数,因而必须据此加一复数动词而不能省略。
(10)"人的意志想要避免,也不可能。"
It cannot be avoided even if people want to 必须加avoid it。
前半句avoided是被动,而后半句avoid是主动,因而不能省略。
六、拟人法。
这种现象在汉语中经常出现。而在译成英语时,往往因受汉语字面影响使译文有Chinglish的味道。
(11)"中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。"
a. The ship of China‘s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization。"ship"没有生命,而搞modernization的主语应当是人。
b. China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization. (b)例译文并不理想,但克服了拟人化,比(a)略有改进。
(12)"世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。"
a. 不能译成:At the turn of the century, China‘s diplomacy is most acitive.
因为diplomacy 是没有生命的,active 的主语应当是人。现译The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.就解决了拟人化的问题。
(13)"创新是一个民族进步的灵魂"
初译:……innovation is the soul of a nation‘s progress.
改译:……innovation sustains the progress of a nation.
Soul是有生命的,而innovation则没有,两者在一起是拟人化,改译纠正了这一点。
七、没有注意词类转换。
汉译英有时不能完全按照原文是什么词类就译成什么词类,而需要根据情况对词类进行调整和转换。
(14)"我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友而且成为兄弟。"
a. The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers.
b. Our relations have so grown that they bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.